The chapter
Simply A day of questions asked to catch him out: about taxes, about a woman widowed seven times, about which commandment is greatest. He answers all of them, and by the end nobody dares ask him anything.
Context Almost everything he says here is quoted from scripture rather than composed: a psalm about the rejected stone, the Shema and the command to love your neighbour, the words at the burning bush, and a psalm about a lord at God's right hand. The chapter ends away from all of it, sitting opposite the temple treasury watching what people put in.
Verses 1-12
Simply He tells a story about a man who plants a vineyard, rents it out, and sends servant after servant for his share of the fruit. Each is beaten or killed, and last of all he sends his son, thinking they will respect him, and they kill him too.
Context Mark says who the story was aimed at, so the reader does not have to guess: the chief priests, scribes and elders who had just asked him about his authority perceived that he spoke the parable against them, and tried to seize him. It is a quarrel with the men in front of him at that hour, and the text names them.
Verses 13-17
Simply Pharisees and Herodians open with compliments and then ask whether it is lawful to pay taxes to Caesar. He asks for a coin, asks whose face is on it, and gives them the sentence back: give Caesar what is Caesar's, and God what is God's.
Verses 18-27
Simply Sadducees, who hold that there is no resurrection, invent a woman married in turn to seven brothers and ask whose wife she will be. He tells them the question does not survive the thing it asks about: those who rise neither marry nor are given in marriage.
Context Their case is built on a law of Moses about a brother's widow, so he answers from Moses too, and from the one passage they would grant: God at the bush calling himself the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, long after all three had died. He is not the God of the dead but of the living.
Verses 28-34
Simply A scribe asks which commandment is greatest, and gets two: hear Israel, the Lord our God is one, and you shall love him with everything you are; and love your neighbour as yourself.
Context This is the one exchange in the chapter that is not a trap. The scribe agrees, repeats the answer in his own words, and adds that this is worth more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices; Jesus tells him he is not far from the kingdom of God. Both lines quoted are from the Law, one from Deuteronomy and one from Leviticus.
Verses 35-44
Simply He warns the crowd about people who like long robes, the best seats and long prayers, and who devour widows' houses. Then he sits down opposite the treasury and watches a poor widow put in two of the smallest coins there are.
Context The two scenes are next to each other and share a word: houses devoured, and everything she had to live on. What he says about her is a measurement rather than praise for generosity, that the others gave out of abundance and she gave out of poverty. Before both, he puts a question the chapter never answers, about how the Christ can be David's son when David calls him Lord.