The chapter
Simply John is executed at a birthday party. Jesus withdraws, is followed, feeds five thousand from five loaves, sends the disciples ahead by boat, and comes to them across the water.
Context The chapter is arranged so that a death and a meal sit next to each other, and Matthew makes the connection with one word at verse 13: when Jesus heard it, he withdrew.
Verses 1-12
Simply Herod had imprisoned John for saying his marriage was unlawful. At a birthday feast a dance pleases him, he swears an oath, and the girl asks for John's head. He is grieved, and does it because of the oath and the guests.
Context Matthew tells this in ten verses and adds no detail beyond what the sequence requires, and this file adds none either. The reason given for the killing is not conviction but an oath made in front of guests, and the text says the king was grieved. It closes on John's disciples burying him and going to tell Jesus.
Verses 13-21
Simply He withdraws to an empty place, the crowds follow on foot, and he heals them. The disciples want them sent away to buy food; he tells the disciples to feed them, and they have five loaves and two fish.
Context The numbers are given precisely and are worth holding, because the next chapter will repeat the scene with different ones: five loaves, five thousand men, twelve baskets left. Matthew counts the men and then says there were also women and children, so his own total is larger than the number he gives.
Verses 22-36
Simply The disciples cross without him while he prays alone. In the fourth watch he comes walking on the sea, they take him for a ghost, and Peter asks to come out. He walks, sees the wind, and sinks.
Context The rebuke at verse 31 is aimed at the doubt and not at the request, and Matthew keeps the detail that the wind only stopped once they were both in the boat. The chapter ends where the earlier one did, with people reaching for the edge of his clothes.